Christmas - Wikipedia. Christmas. Christmas Day.
Also called. No. Stephen's Day, Boxing Day. Christmas or Christmas Day (Old English: Cr.
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In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 2. December 2. 5, with gift- giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family. While the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early- to- mid 4th century, the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 2. However, some Eastern churches celebrate Christmas on the December 2. Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a disagreement over which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 2.
The date of Christmas may have initially been chosen to correspond with the day exactly nine months after the day on which early Christians believed that Jesus was conceived. In addition, several closely related and often interchangeable figures, known as Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, and Christkind, are associated with bringing gifts to children during the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world. Etymology. It is derived from the Middle English.
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Cristemasse, which is from Old English. Cr. The form Christenmas was also historically used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal. The Anglo- Saxons referred to the feast as .
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In the Gospel of Luke account, Joseph and Mary travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census, and Jesus is born there and laid in a manger. In the Matthew account, astronomers follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, born the king of the Jews. King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. Modern scholars such as E. Sanders, Geza Vermes and Marcus Borg consider both narratives non- historical, arguing that there are contradictions between them. Although the dating as December 2.
Christmas as a festival includes elements of the Roman feast of the Saturnalia and the birthday of Mithra as described in the Roman cult of Mithraism. This was in Rome, while in Eastern Christianity the birth of Jesus was already celebrated in connection with the Epiphany on January 6. These elements, including the Yule log from Yule and gift giving from Saturnalia. The prevailing atmosphere of Christmas has also continually evolved since the holiday's inception, ranging from a sometimes raucous, drunken, carnival- like state in the Middle Ages. Reasons included the fact that less agricultural work needed to be done during the winter, as well as an expectation of better weather as spring approached. Horus was often depicted being fed by his mother, which also influenced the symbolism of the Virgin Mary with baby Christ. The pre- Christian Germanic peoples.
The scribe who added it wrote: . In these solemnities and revelries the Christians also took part. Accordingly when the doctors of the Church perceived that the Christians had a leaning to this festival, they took counsel and resolved that the true Nativity should be solemnised on that day. March 2. 5 as the day of creation and of the conception of Jesus. One translation reads: . For this reason Malachi the prophet, speaking about him to the people, fittingly said, 'Unto you shall the sun of righteousness arise, and healing is in his wings.'. Who indeed is so unconquered as Our Lord..?
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Or, if they say that it is the birthday of the Sun, He is the Sun of Justice. Birthday of the Invincible Sun' on December 2. Rome ironically did not celebrate the winter solstice nor any of the other quarter- tense days, as one might expect.
The feast was introduced to Constantinople in 3. Antioch in about 3. The feast disappeared after Gregory of Nazianzus resigned as bishop in 3. John Chrysostom in about 4. But the medieval calendar was dominated by Christmas- related holidays.
The forty days before Christmas became the . Martin of Tours), now known as Advent. King Edmund the Martyr was anointed on Christmas in 8. King William I of England was crowned on Christmas Day 1. King Richard II of England hosted a Christmas feast in 1.
Caroling also became popular, and was originally a group of dancers who sang. The group was composed of a lead singer and a ring of dancers that provided the chorus. Various writers of the time condemned caroling as lewd, indicating that the unruly traditions of Saturnalia and Yule may have continued in this form. In England, gifts were exchanged on New Year's Day, and there was special Christmas ale. In 1. 60. 7, King James I insisted that a play be acted on Christmas night and that the court indulge in games. The calendar reform became a major point of tension between the Anglican party and the Puritan party.
King Charles I of England directed his noblemen and gentry to return to their landed estates in midwinter to keep up their old- style Christmas generosity. As such, in Scotland, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland discouraged the observance of Christmas, and though James VI commanded its celebration in 1. Pennsylvania German Settlers, pre- eminently the Moravian settlers of Bethlehem, Nazareth and Lititz in Pennsylvania and the Wachovia Settlements in North Carolina, were enthusiastic celebrators of Christmas. The Moravians in Bethlehem had the first Christmas trees in America as well as the first Nativity Scenes. In 1. 84. 3, Charles Dickens wrote the novel A Christmas Carol that helped revive the ! In 1. 83. 2, the future Queen Victoria wrote about her delight at having a Christmas tree, hung with lights, ornaments, and presents placed round it.
A modified version of this image was published in the United States in 1. Irving's stories depicted harmonious warm- hearted English Christmas festivities he experienced while staying in Aston Hall, Birmingham, England, that had largely been abandoned. Postcard, c. 1. 91. In 1. 82. 2, Clement Clarke Moore wrote the poem A Visit From St.
Nicholas (popularly known by its first line: Twas the Night Before Christmas). In her 1. 85. 0 book The First Christmas in New England, Harriet Beecher Stowe includes a character who complains that the true meaning of Christmas was lost in a shopping spree.
He has been called the . The mass of the population had not adopted many of the Christmas rituals that later became general. The Christmas tree was rare. Christmas dinner might be beef. In their stockings children might get an apple, orange and sweets. Full celebration of a family Christmas with all the trimmings only became widespread with increased prosperity from the 1.
Post was still delivered on Christmas Day until 1. League football matches continued in Scotland until the 1. England they ceased at the end of the 1. In some non- Christian areas, periods of former colonial rule introduced the celebration (e. Hong Kong); in others, Christian minorities or foreign cultural influences have led populations to observe the holiday. Countries such as Japan, where Christmas is popular despite there being only a small number of Christians, have adopted many of the secular aspects of Christmas, such as gift- giving, decorations, and Christmas trees. Countries in which Christmas is not a formal public holiday include Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (excepting Hong Kong and Macao), Comoros, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Maldives, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and Yemen.
Christmas celebrations around the world can vary markedly in form, reflecting differing cultural and national traditions. Among countries with a strong Christian tradition, a variety of Christmas celebrations have developed that incorporate regional and local cultures. For Christians, participating in a religious service plays an important part in the recognition of the season. Christmas, along with Easter, is the period of highest annual church attendance.
In Catholic countries, people hold religious processions or parades in the days preceding Christmas. In other countries, secular processions or parades featuring Santa Claus and other seasonal figures are often held. Family reunions and the exchange of gifts are a widespread feature of the season. Gift giving takes place on Christmas Day in most countries. Others practice gift giving on December 6, Saint Nicholas Day, and January 6, Epiphany. Decorations. A typical Neapolitanpresepe/presepio, or Nativity scene.
In the 1. 5th century, it was recorded that in London it was the custom at Christmas for every house and all the parish churches to be . They were popularised by Saint Francis of Asissi from 1.
Europe. Within some families, the pieces used to make the representation are considered a valuable family heirloom. The traditional colors of Christmas decorations are red, green, and gold. Red symbolizes the blood of Jesus, which was shed in his crucifixion, while green symbolizes eternal life, and in particular the evergreen tree, which does not lose its leaves in the winter, and gold is the first color associated with Christmas, as one of the three gifts of the Magi, symbolizing royalty. The modern Christmas tree tradition is believed to have begun in Germany in the 1. By 1. 84. 1 the Christmas tree had become even more widespread throughout Britain. Other popular holiday plants include holly, mistletoe, red amaryllis, and Christmas cactus. Along with a Christmas tree, the interior of a home may be decorated with these plants, along with garlands and evergreen foliage.
The display of Christmas villages has also become a tradition in many homes during this season.